Canadian Police Services reported 1,473 hate crimes in 2009, up by 437 incidents. That came on the heels of a 35 per cent increase in 2008.
Over half (54%) of police-reported hate crimes in 2009 were motivated by race or ethnicity, 29% by religion and 13% by sexual orientation. The largest increase was among those motivated by religion, which rose 55% in 2009.
Violent offences, such as assault, accounted for about 4 in 10 hate crimes reported by police. Violent offences were particularly more common among hate crimes motivated by Sexual Orientation.
The number of police-reported hate crimes against all racial groups rose in 2009. Blacks continued to be the most commonly targeted racial group. 7 in 10 religiously-motivated hate crimes were committed against the Jewish faith in 2009.
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http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/rs/rep-rap/1995/wd95_11-dt95_11/p4_3.html
Disproportionate Harm: Hate Crime in Canada
4. DISCUSSION (cont'd)
4.7 Classification of Hate Crimes
4. DISCUSSION (cont'd)
4.7 Classification of Hate Crimes
The way in which hate crimes are currently classified by the criminal justice system diminishes our awareness of the impact of these crimes. To take but a single example, consider one of the most common forms of hate or bias crimes: defacing religious symbols. There have been many instances over the past few years of the desecration of Jewish cemeteries both here and in Europe.[24] These incidents have been classified as mischief. According to Section 430. (1) of the Criminal Code, "Every one commits mischief who wilfully (a) destroys or damages property".Classifying hate crime incidents in this way has at least two important negative consequences. First, it diminishes the importance of hate crimes by lumping them together with other, far less malign incidents of vandalism. Spray-painting swastikas on headstones is treated, in terms of the Criminal Code charge against an individual, in the same way as a teenager who spray-paints his initials on a school wall, although the social harm (and the culpability of the offender) is considerably greater. Even the word "mischief" has a popular connotation of a very minor offence. The term "vandalism" is not much better: it conjures up images of graffiti on subway trains, and implies an act that is relatively trivial, and rather mindless (see Wolfgang, Figlio, Tracy and Singer, 1985). Hate crimes are clearly more serious and, far from being mindless, are purposively directed at specific targets, and reflect a definite ideology of hatred (see Hamm, 1994).
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Vandilism to a private home is not considered HATE CRIME if it is just property damage. The police will state the person that damaged the property may not have known that the people that lived or owns the proptery is of another race, religon or sexual orientation. Vandilism has to have some type of writing making reference to that group or a building that is visibly associted with that group, ie a church or mosque.
So being a visible person in my city and people knowing who I am may give them a loop hole not to be charged with HATE CRIME but just public mischief.
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Preventing Hate Crime And Profiling Hate Crime Offenders ...
by JF Anderson - Cited by 6 - Related articles Moreover, other victims of hate crime can also be Whites who are associated .... Some experts believe that hate crimes increase during tough economic times, ... They learn to view these people and groups as less than human. .... civil rights legislation and affirmative action policies to correct pass injustices, ... www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000644850 -------------------------------------------------------------------- There are some that say there is always a rise in HATE CRIME agaisnt a group that has won its fight for CIVIL RIGHTS, in any country in the world. Be it African American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960's, the most visible backlash. In Canada it is a rise in Hate TOWARDS gay men and woman. We here can marry and adopt . My own personal expirence, of HATE directed to me in the last three years in Toronto. As well during the Gay Flag raising for Gay Pride last year, I sat as a woman chanted "REVOKE CIVIL RIGHTS". |
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